I. Intangiriro
Icyamamare cyaamatara yo hanze yubusitani mumitako igezweho iriyongera, ntabwo yongeyeho umwuka wurukundo mubusitani gusa, ahubwo inazamura ubwiza rusange nibikorwa.Ariko, mugihe twishimiye urumuri, ntidushobora kwirengagiza akamaro k'umutekano nibibazo bizana.Guharanira umutekano wo kumurika ubusitani bwo hanze ni umurimo ukenewe wo kubungabunga umuryango nubusitani.
II.Guhitamo neza no kugura ibicuruzwa byemewe byumutekano
A. Sobanukirwa n'ibipimo byemeza umutekano n'ibigo
1. Ibimenyetso rusange byerekana umutekano mu gihugu no hanze yacyo nicyo bisobanura
Ibi bimenyetso bitangwa ninzego zemeza ibyemezo mubihugu n'uturere dutandukanye, byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano.Kurugero, ikimenyetso cyemeza CE cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa byumutekano byumuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikimenyetso cya UL cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’Amerika, n'ibindi.Mugusobanukirwa ibisobanuro byibi bimenyetso, dushobora kumenya vuba niba twaraguze ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyemezo byumutekano.Icya kabiri, dukeneye gusobanukirwa ninzego zisanzwe zemeza umutekano haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga.Ibi bigo bishinzwe cyane cyane gutanga ibyemezo byumutekano no kugerageza ibicuruzwa kugirango barebe ubuziranenge n’umutekano.Kurugero, Komisiyo yu Burayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge (CEN) na komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi (IEC) ni ibigo bishinzwe guteza imbere no kwemeza ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa.Mugusobanukirwa amateka nicyubahiro byibi bigo, turashobora kwizera ibicuruzwa byemejwe nabo cyane.
Ibikoresho |Mugaragaza Byihuse Itara ryanyu ryizuba rikeneye
2. Iriburiro ryibigo bisanzwe byemeza umutekano murugo no mumahanga
Mugihe duhitamo ibicuruzwa byemewe byumutekano, dukeneye kandi kugenzura no kugenzura ikimenyetso cyumutekano.Nubwo ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyemeza, turacyakeneye kwemeza ukuri kwabyo.Urashobora kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byemejwe no gusura urubuga rwemewe rwikigo cyemeza cyangwa ukabaza ikigo kugirango ubigire inama.Mubyongeyeho, dukeneye kandi kwitondera itandukaniro ryibicuruzwa hamwe nibisabwa.Ibipimo by’umutekano n’amabwiriza y’ibihugu n’uturere dutandukanye birashobora gutandukana, bityo rero tugomba guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye dushingiye ku mikoreshereze n’aho biherereye kugira ngo tumenye neza ko byujuje ibisabwa by’umutekano waho.
B. Hitamo ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyemezo byumutekano
1. Witondere itandukaniro mukarere k'ibicuruzwa nibishobora gukoreshwa
Hashobora kubaho itandukaniro mubipimo byumutekano n’amabwiriza mu turere dutandukanye, bityo rero tugomba gusuzuma uburyo bukurikizwa no kubahiriza mugihe ugura ibicuruzwa.Ibi bivuze ko dukeneye kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byaguzwe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa hamwe n’ibipimo by’aho biherereye kugira ngo umutekano wacyo ukoreshwe.
III. Koresha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byujuje ibisobanuro
A. Guhitamo insinga hamwe ninsinga
1. Ibipimo nibisabwa kugenga insinga ninsinga
Ubwa mbere, barashobora gutanga amashanyarazi atajegajega kugirango barebe imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho.Icya kabiri, izo nsinga ninsinga bifite ibiranga nko kurwanya umuriro, kutambara, no kwirinda amazi, bishobora guhuza n’ibidukikije bitandukanye bikabije kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho.Mubyongeyeho, kwishyiriraho neza no gukoresha insinga ninsinga birashobora kandi kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga no gutanga umutekano mwinshi.
2. Ibiranga nibyiza byo gushyirwaho neza no gukoresha insinga ninsinga
Guhitamo no gukoresha neza ibyo bikoresho ntibishobora gusa kunoza imikorere numutekano wibikoresho gusa, ahubwo binongerera igihe cyakazi kandi bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibyingenzi gukurikiza ibipimo nibisobanuro, no gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byujuje ibisabwa kugirango ibikoresho byawe bigere kubisubizo byiza nuburambe mugihe cyo gukoresha.
B. Guhitamo socket yumutekano hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi
1. Ubwoko bwa sock nibiranga bihuye nibisobanuro
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa socket burashobora kuba bujuje ibisabwa mubipimo mpuzamahanga, byemeza ko ibikoresho bidakunze kwibasirwa na arc cyangwa impanuka ziterwa namashanyarazi mugihe cyo kuyinjiza no kuyikuraho, no kurinda umutekano wabakoresha.Usibye ubwoko bwa sock, tugomba no gutekereza kumikorere yumutekano hamwe nibyifuzo byo guhitamo ibice byamashanyarazi.Imikorere yumutekano yibikoresho byamashanyarazi ningirakamaro, kandi tugomba guhitamo ibice bifite imirimo nko kurinda imitwaro irenze urugero, kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, no kwirinda kumeneka kugirango twirinde ibintu bitameze nkumuriro wumuriro numuriro.
2. Imikorere yumutekano hamwe nibyifuzo byo guhitamo ibice byamashanyarazi
Mugihe cyo kugura, nyamuneka wemeze guhitamo ubwoko bwa sock bujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi witondere imikorere yumutekano hamwe nibyifuzo byo guhitamo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango umenye neza ko ibikoresho byawe byakira uburinzi bwiza mugihe cyo gukoresha.
IV.Kurinda ingaruka ziterwa nibintu byo kumurika
A. Kurinda amazi, kurinda inkuba, hamwe ningamba zo kurwanya ruswa
1. Ingamba zisanzwe zo kwirinda amazi n'amabwiriza yo murwego
Iyo dukoresheje ibikoresho byo kumurika, ibintu bidukikije byo hanze bishobora kubateza ingaruka.Kugira ngo twirinde izo ngaruka, dukeneye gufata ingamba zo kubarinda.Iya mbere ni ingamba zo kwirinda amazi.
Ingamba zisanzwe zokwirinda amazi zirimo gukoresha amatara adafite amazi n'amatara, ndetse no gushyiraho ingingo zidafite amazi hamwe na kaseti zifunga.Dukunze kubona ibirango byo mu rwego rwamazi nka IP65 na IP66, byerekana ubushobozi bwamazi y itara.
Uruganda rumurikira Huajunyakoze akazi keza cyane mumatara adakoresha amazi.Iwacuamatara yo hanzebikozwe mucyiciro cya IP65 kitarinda amazi hamwe na UV irwanya ibikoresho, bihamye kandi biramba.
Ibikurikira ni ukurinda inkuba no kuvura ruswa.Kubijyanye no kurinda inkuba, turashobora gukoresha inkoni cyangwa ibikoresho byo hasi kugirango dukwirakwize inkuba kandi turinde umutekano wibikoresho byo gucana.Kubijyanye no kuvura ruswa, turashobora guhitamo gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ruswa mugutwikira cyangwa kuvura amatara kugirango tunoze igihe kirekire nubuzima bwa serivisi.
2. Kwirinda kurinda inkuba no kuvura ruswa
Ubwa mbere, menya neza ko ingamba zokwirinda amazi, kurinda inkuba, hamwe no kuvura ruswa byubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano bijyanye n’ibisobanuro.Icya kabiri, ubugenzuzi buri gihe no kubungabungwa burakorwa kugirango ingamba zifatika.Hanyuma, hitamo amanota meza adakoreshwa mumazi hamwe nuburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa bushingiye kubikenewe kugirango wongere umutekano nubuzima bwa serivisi zumuriro.
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V. incamake
Umutekano waamatara yo hanze yubusitanini ingenzi, ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nubuzima bwabantu numutekano wumutungo, ariko kandi biha abakiriya ibidukikije byiza kandi bifite umutekano.Kurinda umutekano wibikoresho byo kumurika ubusitani ntabwo ari inshingano zuwabikoze gusa, ahubwo ninshingano za buri mukoresha.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2023