I. Selelekela
1.1 Semelo sa nts'etsopele ea mabone a motlakase a letsatsi
Mabone a marang-rang a letsatsi ke mabone a seterateng a sebelisang matla a letsatsi e le mohloli oa matla, e leng ts'ebeliso e hloekileng le e nchafalitsoeng ea matla.Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, ka tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea matla, mabone a literata a letsatsi a ntse a hlahella butle-butle 'me a fumana tlhokomelo e pharaletseng le tšebeliso.Semelo sa nts'etsopele ea mabone a letsatsi a seterateng se ka qalisoa ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970, ha theknoloji ea matla a letsatsi e ntse e hōla butle-butle 'me e qala ho sebelisoa khoebong.Kaha matla a letsatsi a na le melemo ea ho tsosolosoa, ho hloeka le ho se silafatse, 'me mathata a ho senyeha ha matla le tšilafalo ea tikoloho a ntse a eketseha, leseli la seterateng la letsatsi le fetohile mofuta o mocha oa khetho ea ho rarolla mathata.
Nakong e tlang, mabone a letsatsi la literata a tla tsoela pele ho qapa le ho ntlafatsa, ho eketsa katleho le botšepehi, e le hore a ka ba le karolo e kholoanyane lefapheng la mabone a literata le ho fana ka litšebeletso tse ntle tsa mabone bakeng sa batho.
II.Likaroloana tsa Mabone a Solar Street
2.1 Liphanele tsa letsatsi
2.1.1 Sebopeho le molao-motheo oa phanele ea letsatsi
Liphanele tsa letsatsi li sebelisa theknoloji ea lisele tsa letsatsi ho fetolela matla a letsatsi hore e be matla a motlakase.Sebopeho sa eona se seholo se na le letoto la lisele tsa letsatsi tse hokahaneng tse entsoeng ka likarolo tse ngata tse tšesaane tsa li-wafers tsa silicon kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa semiconductor.Ha khanya ea letsatsi e otla karolo ea letsatsi, li-photon li hlasimolla lielektrone tse linthong, 'me li etsa hore ho be le motlakase.
2.1.2 Tlhokahalo ea Thepa le Litlhoko tsa Boleng bakeng sa Liphanele tsa Solar
Khetho ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi li etsa qeto ea hore na li sebetsa hantle hakae le bophelo bohle ba tsona.Khetho e sebelisoang hangata ea lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi e kenyelletsa silicon ea monocrystalline, silicon ea polycrystalline le silicon ea amorphous.Ha u ntse u khetha thepa, u lokela ho nahana ka matla a ho fetola matla a letsatsi, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le lintlha tse ling.Ho phaella moo, lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi li boetse li hloka ho ba le boleng bo botle, joalo ka ho tiea ha manonyeletso, ho tšoana le ho sireletsa ho tiisa mosebetsi o tsitsitseng oa nako e telele.
2.2 Mohloli oa Leseli la LED
2.2.1 Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa Mohloli oa Leseli la LED
LED (Light Emitting Diode) ke diode e hlahisang leseli e hlahisang leseli ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya elektronike o hlahisoang ke matla a pele a motlakase ka eona.Ha hona joale e feta ka thepa ea semiconductor ka hare ho LED, li-electrone li kopana le masoba ho lokolla matla le ho hlahisa leseli le bonahalang.
2.2.2 Litšobotsi le melemo ea mohloli oa leseli la LED
Mohloli oa leseli la LED o na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e phahameng, tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, bophelo bo bolelele le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.Ha ho bapisoa le mabone a tloaelehileng a incandescent le fluorescent, mohloli oa leseli la LED o na le matla a mangata 'me o na le nako e telele ea tšebeletso.Ho phaella moo, mohloli oa leseli la LED o ka finyella phetoho e feto-fetohang ea 'mala, khanya le mahlaseli a mahlaseli, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo mabone a letsatsi a seterateng.
2.3 Mokhoa oa ho boloka matla a betri
2.3.1 Mefuta ea Mokhoa oa ho Boloka Matla a Battery
Sistimi ea polokelo ea betri ea leseli la seterata sa letsatsi hangata e sebelisa libeteri tse nchafatsoang, joalo ka libeteri tsa lithium-ion, libeteri tsa lead-acid joalo-joalo.Mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tsa polokelo ea matla a betri e na le matla a fapaneng a ho boloka matla le bophelo.
2.3.2 Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa mokhoa oa ho boloka matla a betri
Lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla a betri li sebetsa ka ho boloka motlakase o bokeletsoeng ke liphanele tsa letsatsi bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase bosiu kapa matsatsing a maru.Ha motlakase oa letsatsi o hlahisa motlakase o mongata ho feta kamoo leseli la seterateng le hlokang kateng, matla a feteletseng a bolokiloe ka betri.Ha lebone la seterateng le hloka motlakase, betri e tla lokolla matla a bolokiloeng ho fana ka mohloli oa lebone la LED bakeng sa ho bonesa.Ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja le ho tjhaja betri e ka lemoha phetoho le ho boloka matla ho netefatsa mosebetsi o tswelang pele wa mabone a letsatsi.
III.Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa mabone a letsatsi a literata
3.1 Ho Utloisisa Leseli
Ho ea ka matla a lemohuoang a khanya, mosebetsi oa kutlo ea leseli ke ho ahlola hore na mabone a teng hona joale aa hlokahala le ho laola boemo ba ho fetoha ha leseli la letsatsi la seterateng.Sensor ea leseli ka kakaretso e sebelisa mochine o hanyetsang lifoto kapa diode e nang le li-photosensitive e le ntho e sa utloisiseng khanya, ha matla a khanya a eketseha, motlakase oa resistor kapa diode o tla fetoha, 'me phetoho ena e tla fetoloa letšoao la taolo ka potoloho.
3.2 Mokhoa oa ho laola o iketsang
Mokhoa oa ho laola othomathike ke karolo ea mantlha ea leseli la seterata sa letsatsi, 'me mosebetsi oa eona ke ho laola ka bohona boemo bo sebetsang ba leseli la seterata sa letsatsi ho latela pontšo ea sensor ea leseli.Mokhoa oa ho laola ka mokhoa o itekanetseng o hlokomela taolo e bohlale ea leseli la seterateng sa letsatsi ka ho laola tlhahiso ea setsi sa mahlaseli a letsatsi, khanya ea mohloli oa leseli la LED le mokhoa oa ho tjhaja le oa ho ntša mochine oa polokelo ea betri.Mesebetsi ea eona e kenyelletsa ho fetola khanya ea mohloli oa leseli la LED ho ea le ho tima ho ea ka pontšo ea leseli la leseli, ho fetola khanya ea mohloli oa lebone la LED, ho shebella le ho laola mokhoa oa ho tjhaja le oa ho lahla mokhoa oa ho boloka matla a betri, joalo-joalo.
3.3 Phello ea photovoltaic ea lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi
Liphanele tsa letsatsi li sebelisa matla a photovoltaic ho fetolela matla a letsatsi hore e be motlakase.Phello ea photovoltaic e bua ka 'nete ea hore ka thepa ea semiconductor, ha leseli le otla holim'a thepa, li-photons li tla thabisa li-electrone ka thepa, ho etsa motlakase oa motlakase.
3.4 Phallo ea motlakase ea liphanele tsa letsatsi
Ha khanya ea letsatsi e otla karolo ea letsatsi, matla a li-photon a hlasimolla lielektrone tse lethathamong la silicon la mofuta oa p hore li fetohe lielektrone tse sa lefelloeng, hape li tlosa elektrone ho sehlopha sa silicon sa mofuta oa n.Hona joale sena se ka hlahisoa e le motlakase oa motlakase oa letsatsi ka mor'a ho kopanya mohala.
E ka holimo ke molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oakhanya ea letsatsi ea seterateng.
Lisebelisoa |Skrine e Potlakileng Mabone a Hao a Solar Street a a Hloka
IV.Tlhokomelo le tsamaiso ea khanya ea letsatsi ea literata
5.1 Ho hlahloba le ho hlokomela kamehla
5.1.1 Ho hloekisa le ho hlokomela liphanele tsa letsatsi
Kamehla hlahloba bokaholimo ba sethala sa letsatsi ho bona hore na ho na le ho bokellana ha lerōle, litšila joalo-joalo.Sebelisa lesela le bonolo kapa seponche se kenngoeng ka metsing kapa tharollo ea "detergent" e tlase ho hlakola bokaholimo ba solar panel ka bonolo.Ela hloko hore u se ke ua sebelisa li-detergents tse thata ho feta tekano kapa borashe bo ka senyang bokaholimo ba phanele.
5.1.2 Tsamaiso ea bophelo bohle ba mohloli oa leseli la LED
Kamehla hlahloba hore na mohloli oa lebone la LED o fosahetse kapa o senyehile, haeba u fumana hore khanya e fifala, e flickers kapa lifaha tse ling tsa lebone lia tima, joalo-joalo, li hloka ho lokisoa kapa ho nkeloa sebaka ka nako.Ela hloko mocheso oa mocheso oa mohloli oa leseli la LED, ho etsa bonnete ba hore mocheso oa mocheso kapa mocheso oa mocheso o pota-potileng mohloli oa leseli o sebetsa hantle, ho thibela ho chesa ho feteletseng ho fellang ka ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba mohloli oa leseli.
5.2 Tharollo ea mathata le Tlhokomelo
5.2.1 Liphoso tse tloaelehileng le tharollo
Ho hloleha 1: Ho senyeha ha bokaholimo ba letsatsi kapa ho phatloha.
Tharollo: Haeba feela bokaholimo bo senyehile, u ka leka ho bo lokisa, haeba ho phatloha ho tebile, ho hlokahala hore u nke sebaka sa sebaka sa letsatsi.
Ho hloleha 2: Khanya ea mohloli oa leseli la LED ea fifala kapa ea panya-panya.
Tharollo: Ntlha ea pele, hlahloba hore na motlakase o tloaelehile, haeba motlakase o tloaelehile, o lokela ho hlahloba hore na mohloli oa leseli la LED o senyehile, haeba o hloka ho nkela sebaka.
Ho hloleha 3: Sistimi ea taolo ea othomathike e hloleha, lebone la seterata la letsatsi le ke ke la sebetsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.
Tharollo: Hlahloba hore na li-sensor, balaoli le likarolo tse ling tsamaisong ea ho laola ka mokhoa o itekanetseng li senyehile, haeba li senyehile, li hloka ho lokisoa kapa ho nkeloa sebaka.
5.2.2 Likarolo tse ling tse bolokiloeng le tse ling
Bakeng sa likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa ho roala, joalo ka mohloli oa lebone la LED, solar panel, joalo-joalo, ho khothalletsoa ho boloka likarolo tse setseng ka nako.Ha khanya ea letsatsi e sa sebetse 'me likarolo tse ling li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka, likarolo tse ling li ka sebelisoa ho nkela sebaka ho fokotsa nako ea ho lokisa mabone a seterateng.Kamora ho nkeloa sebaka ha likarolo tse ling, likarolo tse ncha li hloka ho hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle.
V. Kakaretso
E le sesebelisoa sa mabone se nang le botsoalle le se ka nchafatsoang,mabone a letsatsi a seteratengba le tebello e batsi ya ntshetsopele.Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lefats'e ea tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng, mabone a letsatsi a tla fetoha khetho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mabone a litoropong nakong e tlang.Ka kholo ea tlhoko ea 'maraka,mabone a letsatsi a ikhethilengli fetoha tlhokahalo e 'ngoe e kholo ea mabone a literata a letsatsi a khoebo.
Ho bohlokoa haholo ho khetha boleng bo holimobahlahisi ba mabone a marang-rang a letsatsi a khabisitsoeng le mabone a tloaelehileng a seterateng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, moralo o utloahalang, lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng le tlhokomelo ea kamehla li ka netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le ts'ebetso e ntle ea mabone a letsatsi le ho fana ka tharollo ea mabone a tala le a pholosang matla a metse.
Ho Bala ho Amanang
Khantša sebaka sa hau se setle sa kantle ka mabone a rona a boleng bo holimo ba jarete!
Nako ea poso: Sep-14-2023