Iyo bigeze ku mbaraga z'amatara yo mu busitani bw'izuba, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma.Iyi ngingo izasesengura amashanyarazi no kugira ingaruka kumatara yizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ni ibikoresho bimurika bifashisha ingufu z'izuba kubyara amashanyarazi.Bahindura uburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri no gucunga ubushobozi binyuze muri Google algorithms, bagera ku guhindura ingufu neza no kumurika igihe kirekire.Ntabwo itanga umucyo n'umutekano gusa mu gikari, ahubwo inabika ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, bigabanya gukoresha ingufu.Amatara yo mu gikari yizuba yahindutse uburyo bwiza bwo kumurika ahantu nyaburanga kubera isuku, ishobora kuvugururwa, hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
II.Ibigize amatara yo mu gikari
A. Imikorere n'amahame y'izuba
1. Ibikoresho n'imiterere y'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe igizwe na selile nyinshi z'izuba.Ubusanzwe moderi ya batiri ikozwe muri silicon, kuko silicon nigikoresho cya semiconductor hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo guhindura amafoto.Imiterere yizuba ryizuba muri rusange ririmo ibirahuri, imirasire yizuba, imbaho zinyuma, hamwe namakadiri.
Uruganda rwo kumurika Huajunkabuhariwe mu gutanga umusaruroAmatara yo hanze, kandi twateye imbereImirasire y'izubaibikoresho bya batiri ahanini bikozwe mubikoresho bya silicon.
2. Uburyo imirasire y'izuba ihindura ingufu z'izuba ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rumurikira ku zuba, fotone izakubita ibikoresho bya silikoni hejuru yikibaho, bityo bigatuma moteri ya electroni igenda.Izi electron zigenda zizakora amashanyarazi imbere mubikoresho bya silicon.Muguhuza insinga za module ya bateri, iyi miyoboro irashobora koherezwa mubindi bice, nko kugenzura amashanyarazi na bateri, kubika no gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zabyaye.
B. Imikorere n'imikorere ya mugenzuzi wishyuza
1. Ihame ryakazi ryo kwishyuza umugenzuzi
Igenzura ryumuriro rikoreshwa cyane cyane mugucunga uburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri kugirango irinde umutekano kandi ushire neza.Igenzura ryumuriro rizakurikirana ikigezweho na voltage yoherejwe nizuba ryumuriro kuri bateri, ikanabihindura ukurikije uko bateri ihagaze.Iyo urwego rwa bateri rugabanutse munsi yagenwe, umugenzuzi wumuriro azohereza itegeko ryumuriro kumirasire yizuba kugirango akomeze gutanga amashanyarazi kuri bateri.Iyo bateri imaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, umugenzuzi wumuriro azahagarika kwishyuza bateri kugirango yirinde kwishyuza birenze no kwangiza bateri.
2. Ubwoko nibiranga abagenzuzi bishyuza
Abashinzwe kwishyuza barashobora kugabanywa muburyo butandukanye ukurikije imikorere yabo nibisabwa, nkibisanzwe gakondo bya PWM hamwe nabagenzuzi ba MPPT bateye imbere.Abagenzuzi ba PWM gakondo bahindura bashingiye kubitandukaniro riri hagati yumubyigano wa batiri na charger isohoka kugirango bagere ku ngaruka nziza zo kwishyuza.Umugenzuzi wa MPPT akoresha tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yo hejuru ikurikirana, ihindura mugihe nyacyo hashingiwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati y’umuvuduko ukomoka ku mirasire y’izuba hamwe n’umuvuduko wa batiri kugira ngo urebe ko bateri yishyurwa ku mbaraga nyinshi.Umugenzuzi wa MPPT afite imbaraga zo guhindura ingufu hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza.
Ibikoresho |Mugaragaza Byihuse Itara ryanyu ryizuba rikeneye
C. Kubika no kurekura ingufu muri bateri
1. Ubwoko nibiranga bateri
Ubwoko bwa bateri bukoreshwa cyane mumatara yubusitani bwizuba harimo bateri ya Nickel - kadmium, bateri ya Nickel - icyuma cya hydride na batiri ya lithium.Bateri ya Nickel - kadmium ifite ubushobozi buke nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, ariko ingaruka z’ibidukikije ni nini kandi bakeneye ubuvuzi bwihariye.Bateri ya Nickel - icyuma cya hydride cyangiza ibidukikije, gifite ingufu nyinshi nubuzima burebure.Ku rundi ruhande, bateri ya Litiyumu, ifite ingufu nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, ndetse n’igipimo cyo kwiyangiza.
IwacuIbikoresho byo kumurika uruganda rwa Huajunahanini ukoreshe bateri ya lithium kugirango wongere ubuzima bwabakiriya.
2. Uburyo bateri zibika kandi zikarekura ingufu
Imirasire y'izuba yishyuza bateri ikoresheje igenzura, ihindura ingufu z'izuba ingufu z'amashanyarazi zabitswe.Iyo imirasire y'izuba idatanga ingufu zihagije, cyangwa nijoro cyangwa kumunsi wijimye, amatara yikigo azakoresha ingufu zabitswe muri bateri kugirango atange urumuri.Batare izarekura ingufu zabitswe kandi ihindure ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu zumucyo binyuze mumuzunguruko ufite ibikoresho bitanga urumuri, bityo bigere kumuriro.Igikorwa cyo kubika no kurekura ingufu muri bateri zirashobora gucungwa no kugenzurwa hifashishijwe kugenzura amashanyarazi hamwe nizindi miyoboro kugirango bigerweho neza.
III.Amashanyarazi Yamashanyarazi Yumucyo Wurumuri
A. Inzira yimirasire yizuba ikurura ingufu zizuba
1. Ihame ryumucyo wizuba ugera kumirasire yizuba
Ihame ryakazi ryimirasire yizuba rishingiye ku ngaruka zifotora.Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rukubise hejuru yizuba, fotone izahuza nibikoresho bya semiconductor kumurongo wizuba.Imbaraga ziyi fotone zizashimisha electron mubikoresho bya semiconductor, bityo bikabyara umuyoboro mubikoresho.Iyi nzira irashobora kugera ku ntera nini cyane binyuze mumirasire y'izuba igizwe na selile nyinshi zuba.
2. Gukora neza no guhindura ibintu byizuba
Imikorere y'izuba ikoresha imbaraga zabo zo guhindura ingufu z'izuba ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Imikorere yizuba ryizuba iterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ubukana bwizuba ryizuba, ibikoresho nigishushanyo mbonera cyizuba, kugaragarira hejuru, ubushyuhe, nibindi nibindi.
B. Umugenzuzi wishyuza acunga inzira yo kwishyuza
1. Kwishyuza
Nigute ushobora gucunga uburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri?Igenzura ryumuriro rifite uruhare runini mumatara yizuba.Ishinzwe cyane cyane gucunga inzira yo kwishyuza ya bateri, kurinda umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza.Igenzura ryumuriro rizakurikirana imiterere ya voltage ya bateri kandi igenzure inzira yo kwishyuza imirasire yizuba kuri bateri hashingiwe kubikorwa byateganijwe byo kwishyuza.Iyo urwego rwa bateri rwamanutse munsi yagaciro kagenwe, umugenzuzi wumuriro azatangiza inzira yo kwishyuza kugirango ingufu zikenewe zo gucana nijoro.Iyo bateri imaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, umugenzuzi wumuriro azahagarika kwishyuza kugirango yirinde kwishyuza birenze no kwangiza bateri.
2. Igikorwa cyo gukingira kugenzura kwishyuza
Igenzura ryumuriro rifite kandi umurimo wo kurinda bateri kugirango yongere igihe cyakazi.Ubusanzwe ifite ibikoresho nkuburinzi burenze urugero, kurinda ibicuruzwa bisohoka, hamwe no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi kugirango barebe ko bateri icungwa neza kandi ikarindwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora.Iyo urwego rwa bateri ruri hejuru cyane cyangwa ruto cyane, umugenzuzi wumuriro azahita ahagarika kwishyuza no gusohora kugirango birinde kwangirika kwa batiri.Byongeye kandi, umugenzuzi wumuriro arashobora kandi gukurikirana ibipimo nko kwishyuza no gusohora amashanyarazi kugirango barebe ko bateri ikora murwego rwumutekano.
IV.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yumuriro wurugo
A. Kuboneka kw'ingufu z'izuba
1. Imihindagurikire yimiterere nigihe cyumutungo wizuba
2. Ingaruka zumucyo wumuriro wamashanyarazi yizuba hamwe na Solar zenith angle
B. Ubwiza nuburyo bwiza bwizuba
1. Ibikoresho nuburyo bwo gukora imirasire yizuba
2. Gukora neza hamwe nibisabwa byiza kumirasire y'izuba
C. Igihagararo nuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza
1. Igishushanyo nigikorwa gisabwa mugenzuzi wishyuza
2. Ubushyuhe nibidukikije bihuza nubushakashatsi bwumuriro
D. Ubushobozi nubuzima bwa bateri
1. Ingaruka zubushobozi bwa bateri ku mbaraga zamatara yikigo cyizuba
2. Ubuzima bwa serivisi no kubungabunga bateri
V. Umwanzuro
Muri make, ingano y itara ryizuba ryubusitani rishobora kubyara biterwa nibintu byavuzwe haruguru.Amatara yizuba afite uruhare runini mugutanga urumuri, gutunganya ibidukikije, no kongera umutekano.Niba ushaka kuguraAmatara yo hanze, nyamuneka hamagaraUruganda rwa Huajun.Niba ufite igitekerezo cyangwa ibitekerezo bijyanyeamatara yizuba, nyamuneka wumve neza kuvugana natwe.Dutegereje uruzinduko rwawe!
Gusoma bijyanye
Kumurika umwanya wawe mwiza wo hanze hamwe n'amatara meza yubusitani bwiza!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-21-2023